Gambaran Cepat

Apa: n8n = automation builder (drag & drop), webhook, cron, integrasi API.

Target: 15–30 menit, 1 VPS + 1 domain → HTTPS aktif + login basic.

Arsitektur:

Docker (n8n) ←reverse proxy→ Caddy (HTTPS otomatis)

Storage pakai SQLite (cukup buat solo/kecil, upgrade ke Postgres nanti kalau perlu).

Prasyarat

VPS Ubuntu 22.04/24.04 (min 1 vCPU, 1–2 GB RAM).

Domain/subdomain, mis. n8n.example.com sudah diarahkan ke IP VPS (A/AAAA).

Akses SSH (sudo). Port 80/443 terbuka.

Langkah Instalasi (copy–paste)

1) Pasang Docker

bash
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sh
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER && newgrp docker

2) Siapkan folder proyek

bash
sudo mkdir -p /opt/n8n && sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /opt/n8n
cd /opt/n8n
mkdir -p data/n8n data/caddy data/caddy-config

3) Buat file .env

bash
cat > .env << 'EOF'
TZ=Asia/Jakarta
DOMAIN=n8n.example.com

# Basic Auth buat gerbang depan
N8N_BASIC_AUTH_USER=admin
N8N_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD=GantiDenganPasswordKuat

# Secret untuk enkripsi kredensial node
N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY=GantiDenganSecretPanjangBanget
EOF

openssl rand -base64 32 → tempel ke N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY.

4) docker-compose.yml

yaml
version: "3.8"

services:
  n8n:
    image: n8nio/n8n:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      N8N_HOST: ${DOMAIN}
      N8N_PORT: 5678
      N8N_PROTOCOL: https
      WEBHOOK_URL: https://${DOMAIN}
      N8N_EDITOR_BASE_URL: https://${DOMAIN}
      GENERIC_TIMEZONE: ${TZ}

      # Security
      N8N_BASIC_AUTH_ACTIVE: "true"
      N8N_BASIC_AUTH_USER: ${N8N_BASIC_AUTH_USER}
      N8N_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD: ${N8N_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD}
      N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY: ${N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY}
      N8N_SECURE_COOKIE: "true"
      N8N_DIAGNOSTICS_ENABLED: "false"
    volumes:
      - ./data/n8n:/home/node/.n8n
    # Tidak expose port; semua lewat caddy

  caddy:
    image: caddy:2
    restart: unless-stopped
    depends_on:
      - n8n
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./Caddyfile:/etc/caddy/Caddyfile:ro
      - ./data/caddy:/data
      - ./data/caddy-config:/config

5) Caddyfile (HTTPS otomatis)

plain text
{
  email you@example.com
}

{$DOMAIN} {
  encode gzip
  reverse_proxy n8n:5678
}

6) Jalankan

bash
docker compose pull
docker compose up -d
docker compose ps

Tunggu ~30 detik sampai sertifikat TLS siap.

Buka: https://n8n.example.com → login dengan Basic Auth (user/pass dari .env) → lanjut buat akun n8n pertama.

Cara Pakai (5 Menit)

Klik + New → pilih Webhook (Trigger).

Set path test → Listen for test event.

Kirim request:

bash
curl -X POST https://n8n.example.com/webhook/test -d '{"ok":true}' -H "Content-Type: application/json"

Tambah node Function atau HTTP Request → Execute.

Activate workflow. Selesai.

Maintenance Mudah

Update n8n:

bash
cd /opt/n8n
docker compose pull n8n && docker compose up -d n8n

Backup cepat (SQLite + config):

bash
tar czf /opt/n8n-backup-$(date +%F).tgz -C /opt/n8n/data n8n

File DB ada di data/n8n/database.sqlite (tersimpan otomatis dalam arsip di atas).

Troubleshooting

Domain belum HTTPS: cek DNS sudah ke IP VPS & port 80/443 terbuka; lihat docker compose logs -f caddy.

Loop login: pastikan N8N_HOST = domain kamu dan akses via https://... (bukan IP).

Webhook 404: path di node Webhook harus sama persis dengan URL yang dipanggil.

Naik Kelas (untuk trafik lebih tinggi)

Pindah ke Postgres (lebih tahan banting): tambah service postgres, ubah DB_TYPE=postgresdb + variabel DB terkait, lalu migrasi data.

SSO/2FA: taruh SSO di depan (Authelia/Keycloak) atau aktifkan SSO n8n sesuai dokumentasi.

Queue mode: tambahkan Redis untuk eksekusi paralel volume tinggi.

Checklist Akhir

Itu saja. Copy–paste, hidupkan, langsung ngoprek automations.

workflowautomationhttpsvpsdockerself-hostedn8ntutorial

Instal n8n Self-Hosted di VPS dengan Docker & HTTPS